test

1. Mary is a precocious eight-year-old. Her clinician felt he heard an abnormality in the area of her mitral valve and requested an echocardiogram. Velocity measurements of the mitral valve flow measured 0.85 m/sec. The measurement indicates a _______ valve.

a.) stenotic

b.) normal

c.) regurgitant

d.) insufficient

Please answer all test questions.

2. CW Doppler records information in the _________ while PW Doppler records velocities in a _________.

a.) focal zone, specific location

b.) gated area, beam area

c.) central jet, laminar waveform

d.) beam path, gated area

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3. PW Doppler in the normal LVIT reveals _______ flow.

a.) increased diastolic

b.) spectral broadened

c.) primarily diastolic

d.) retrograde systolic

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4. A gate placed in the ascending aorta produces a waveform that exceeds the upper limits of the Doppler spectrum. This raises suspicion for a(n)

a.) stenosis.

b.) incompetent valve.

c.) bicuspid valve.

d.) valve insufficiency.

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5. Use the ________ transducer position to identify tricuspid stenosis with CW Doppler.

a.) apical

b.) left parasternal

c.) right parasternal

d.) suprasternal notch

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6. Choose the correct sequence for flow through the heart.

a.) vena cava, RA, TV, RV, pulmonary valve, PA, lungs, pulmonary vein, LA, MV, LV, AoV

b.) AoV, LV, MV, LA, lungs, PA, pulmonary valve, RV, TV, RA, vena cava

c.) systemic circulation, RA, RV, PA, lungs, LA, LV, Ao

d.) vena cava, LVIT, LVOT, lungs, RVIT, RVOT, Ao

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7. What characterizes an abnormal Doppler finding in the LVOT?

a.) decreased systolic flow velocity

b.) spectral narrowing

c.) retrograde diastolic flow

d.) antegrade diastolic and systolic flow

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8. Identify the normal PW Doppler tracing.

a.) A is a normal PW Doppler tracing.

b.) B is a normal PW Doppler tracing.

c.) C is a normal PW Doppler tracing.

d.) D is a normal PW Doppler tracing.

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9. Retrograde diastolic flow due to aortic sufficiency is identified from the _______ CW transducer position.

a.) apical

b.) left parasternal

c.) suprasternal notch

d.) right parasternal

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10. The best indicator of proper beam angulation is the

a.) 2D image.

b.) audio signal.

c.) spectral tracing.

d.) velocity.

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11. The apical _____ view with the sample volume in the ascending aorta provides the best imaging for sampling aortic flow.

a.) five chamber

b.) short axis

c.) four chamber

d.) long axis

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12. The sample volume placed in the RVIT in a parasternal short axis view produces a _______ waveform in the normal heart.

a.) primarily diastolic

b.) systolic

c.) intermittent systolic and diastolic

d.) retrograde diastolic

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