Reactive Attachment Disorder of Infancy or Early Childhood 婴儿或儿童

Reactive Attachment Disorder of Infancy or Early Childhood 婴儿或儿童的反应性依附障碍

A. Markedly disturbed and developmentally inappropriate social relatedness in most contexts, beginning before age 5 years, as evidenced by either (1) or (2):
很多场合下的依附关系需要出现显著的障碍并与发育年纪不符,发生在五岁以前,表现有以下的一种
(1) persistent failure to initiate or respond in a developmentally appropriate fashion to most social interactions, as manifest by excessively inhibited, hyper vigilant, or highly ambivalent and contradictory responses (e.g., the child may respond to caregivers with a mixture of approach, avoidance, and resistance to comforting, or may exhibit frozen watchfulness)
反复无法在相应发育年龄段合适地在一些人际互动场合作出或启动正确的反应,表现为过于抑制,过于警觉,对相应的人过于表现出矛盾的反应(比如,孩子对抚养自己的人既想接近,又想回避,不接受对方给予的安抚,或表现为僵化警觉)
(2) diffuse attachments as manifest by indiscriminate sociability with marked inability to exhibit appropriate selective attachments (e.g., excessive  with relative strangers or lack of selectivity in choice of attachment figures)
散漫的依附表现为不加选择人际交往,没有能力选择正确的依附对象(比如,与相对不熟悉的过于亲热,选择依附对象时缺乏选择性)
B. The disturbance in Criterion A is not accounted for solely by developmental delay (as in Mental Retardation) and does not meet criteria for a Pervasive Developmental Disorder.
诊断标准A的障碍不能完全由发育迟缓解释(比如精神发育迟缓)也不符合全身性发育障碍的诊断.
C. Pathogenic care as evidenced by at least one of the following:
抚养过程中有严重的问题,至少有以下一项
(1) persistent disregard of the child’s basic emotional needs for comfort, stimulation, and affection
持久地忽略孩子们基本的情感上对安抚,激发,和慈爱的需求
(2) persistent disregard of the child’s basic physical needs
持久地忽略孩子基本的生理需求
(3) repeated changes of primary caregiver that prevent formation of stable attachments (e.g., frequent changes in foster care)
反复地更换孩子的主要抚养人以至于孩子无法与抚养人形成稳定地依附关系(比如,抚养院里的经常变动工)
D. There is a presumption that the care in Criterion C is responsible for the disturbed behavior in Criterion A (e.g., the disturbances in Criterion A began following the pathogenic care in Criterion C)
标准C里的抚养缺陷有可能造成了标准A里的病理行为(比如,病理行为出现在抚养有问题后)