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让-克洛德·容克主席在第十二届中欧工商峰会上的讲话
https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/fr/SPEECH_17_1526
DISCOURS 2 六月 2017 布鲁塞尔
尊敬的李总理，
部长们，
马尔姆斯特罗姆专员，亲爱的塞西莉亚，
嘉宾，
女士们，先生们，
我要感谢中国国际贸易促进委员会和欧洲商业委员会在如此美丽的环境中接待我们。
总理先生，我从不掩饰对伟大国家和中国人民的喜爱和钦佩。经过多年的访问——首先是作为卢森堡首相，现在是现任欧盟委员会主席——我对你们丰富的历史和文化的迷恋只会越来越强烈。
像所有好朋友一样，我们有时可能会有分歧——我们也有分歧——但我相信我们之间的坦诚和诚实会让我们的关系更加牢固。
今天我们的伙伴关系比以往任何时候都更加重要。
欧盟是中国最大的贸易伙伴。中国是欧盟第二大经济体。我们之间每天的货物贸易额超过15亿欧元。
进入欧洲内部市场是促成中国经济奇迹、帮助数百万人摆脱贫困的主要因素之一。
目前每年有超过1000万中国人前往欧洲。明年的中欧旅游年将为双方提供新的投资机会，让更多的人发现对方的美丽风景和生活方式。我会利用这个旅游年在中国度过半年的时间……
但我们的关系并不是孤立的。它是一种放眼世界并使其更加稳定的方法。无论是应对气候变化——今天比昨天更重要——网络攻击和国际恐怖主义，还是促进可持续发展、贸易和全球经济增长，中国和欧盟在国际解决方案的必要性上是一致的。
没有什么比领导全球清洁能源转型和《巴黎气候协定》的实施（毫无细微差别地全面实施）更重要的了。
我们的共同领导为欧洲、中国和世界各地的企业、投资者和研究人员提供了建设全球低碳经济所需的确定性。
它向世界宣告：能源转型没有倒退的可能。 《巴黎协定》没有出现倒退。
我们的关系建立在对开放的共同承诺以及作为基于规则的国际体系的一部分共同努力的基础上。我很高兴我们今天能在这里相聚并大声而清晰地说出这一点。它认识到我们可以共同促进国内外的繁荣和可持续发展。这就是习主席今年早些时候在达沃斯雄辩地描述的愿景。
我知道总理也完全同意这一点。 《国务院关于进一步扩大开放的通知》体现了他的承诺。 《政府工作计划》明确提出中国要成为最具吸引力的外商投资目的地的雄心壮志也印证了这一点。
多年来，我们已经取得了长足的进步。 1996年我第一次以总理身份访问中国时，贵国甚至还不是世贸组织成员。在那次旅行中，我记得谈论了很多关于合作的事情，但实际上我们彼此隔绝。中国仅占世界出口的5%。旅游业——中国人到欧洲以及欧洲人到中国——在那个时期确实很不寻常。我们的企业交流较少，我们的经济也没有像今天这样相互联系。
如今，欧盟已成为中国最重要的对外投资目的地。中国企业被我们人民的才华和创新、我们稳定的投资环境和我们的经济实力所吸引。
我们同样被中国经济所吸引。 2014年，欧盟占中国外商直接投资总额的近16%。
但还有更多的空间。中国在欧盟的外国投资中所占比例不足5%。去年，中国投资者在欧盟的收购花费几乎是欧洲公司在中国的五倍。
2016年，中国对欧盟的投资增长了77%，但相反方向的投资却下降了近四分之一。考虑到这一点，去年欧盟对中国的投资约为我们对美国投资的 3%。
这反映出在中国做生意仍然有多么困难。大约一半的欧盟公司表示，去年的情况实际上变得更加困难。两分之一的人表示，他们感觉不如进入中国市场时那么受欢迎。超过一半的人表示，与中国竞争对手相比，外国公司受到了不公平的对待。这种反馈反映在世界银行的排名中
做生意的便利性。中国在 183 个国家中排名第 78 位。一个经济大国的地位必须高于中游水平。
政府的工作计划表明中国希望提升排名。它呼吁显着改善投资环境，并表示外国公司将受到平等对待。
目前正在谈判的全面投资协议将改变游戏规则。这将使我们充满信心地进行投资。它将有助于保护投资、确保市场准入和公平竞争环境。
这是我有幸参加的第三次峰会，也是我第三次强调落实该协议的必要性。我们现在需要完成它，以便我们能够真正建立符合我们共同利益的互惠投资关系。
我们对中国改革道路的雄心表示赞赏。我们认识到已经进行了改革并制定了计划。但我们希望看到实施速度加快——以便你们的政策符合你们的世界愿景。
首相非常了解我，知道我将在所有这些问题上始终对他坦诚相待。
在法治和基本人权方面我也会采取同样的态度。这些是我们所珍视的公平和价值观的普遍问题，但它们也是稳定和有吸引力的投资和商业环境的先决条件。我们相信，只有在公平的竞争环境下，真正的竞争和真正的开放才能发挥作用。
随着全球化越来越受到质疑，这一点比以往任何时候都更加重要，世界各地的许多人都在问全球化是否真的对他们有用。
委员会在一份关于利用全球化的反思文件中阐述了其观点。我在上周的七国集团峰会上解释了这一愿景，并将在下个月的二十国集团峰会上与中国一起再次阐述这一愿景。
据我了解，45% 的欧洲人认为全球化是威胁而不是机遇。在欧盟，我们集中精力并努力确保没有人被抛在后面，并且我们都遵守相同的规则。
这就是为什么我们必须解决某些行业日益严重的产能过剩问题，这种过剩产能导致低价产品的倾销。这正在损害欧盟生产商，造成就业损失，并对我们的一些制造业和工业中心地带产生破坏性影响。
目前，中国钢铁产能过剩是欧盟总产能的两倍多。过去十年，中国钢管产能过剩增加了两倍，铝和硅产能过剩增加了四倍。
当必要时，我们一定会在贸易方面维护公平。我们通过加强我们的贸易防御工具来支持这一点，使它们符合目的。
这并不是保护主义或指责他人。我们的行动完全符合我们在世贸组织下承担的国际义务，我们将以公平、透明和国家中立的方式履行这些义务。贸易不能简单地自由。这必须是公平的。
但一如既往，欧盟相信对话与合作，我们将继续与中国朋友密切合作，解决产能过剩和其他问题，特别是在数据和技术方面。
在欧盟和中国现在有责任争取公平开放的全球市场之际，这次对话至关重要。开展这一对话是我们深刻的战略利益。如果我们无法取得进展，唯一的赢家将是反对我们寻求开放的政治力量。
在一起，我们可以充分利用所带来的机会。例如，中国现在正在建设通过陆地、海上和网上连接我们的走廊。我们欢迎“一带一路”倡议带来的机遇，它将拉近亚欧人民和企业的距离。北京和欧洲枢纽之间的新直达铁路就是这一点的象征。他们将复兴一条古老的贸易路线，全长12,000公里，途经哈萨克斯坦、俄罗斯、白俄罗斯、波兰、德国、比利时和法国。
我们希望确保“一带一路”与现有项目相辅相成，包括欧盟长期制定的跨欧洲网络政策或中欧互联互通平台下的项目。随着时间的推移，连通性的改善将帮助各种规模的制造商和企业降低运输成本并开辟新市场。
但还需要做更多的工作：到 2030 年，仅亚洲就面临着 23 万亿欧元的基础设施缺口。欧盟和中国在制定“一带一路”倡议方面有着重要利益。我们的信息是，我们可以帮助您构建它 - 但规则必须对所有人相同。欧洲公司必须有公平的机会能够以与中国同行相同的条件进行投标和竞争。我们也必须确保公平的竞争环境。
我对中方关于将“一带一路”打造为开放、透明、包容的倡议的声明感到非常鼓舞。让我们继续努力
这些项目放在一起。让我们的公司共同建设它们。
总理、亲爱的朋友们：
女士们，先生们，
这只是我们伙伴关系潜力的一瞥，不仅对欧盟和中国，而且对世界其他国家。
欧洲的未来掌握在我们自己手中——这是各国领导人在最近的《罗马宣言》中所说的。因此，我们应该塑造自己的未来 — — 而中国将是其中的重要合作伙伴。只要我们齐心协力，就能增进人民的繁荣和福祉。我们的公司可以在开放、快速增长的国际市场中蓬勃发展。我们可以互相学习，互相推动创新和竞争。我们可以捍卫世界各地的公平。
欧盟将与中国一起努力实现全球愿景，共同应对共同挑战。我们将捍卫公平竞争环境，确保国际体系建立在我们都同意的规则和机构之上。为了我们子孙的利益，我们将共同伴随绿色转型。
通过这样做，我们可以帮助世界在充满不确定性的时候变得更加稳定。
李总理，亲爱的朋友，
谢谢并再次欢迎。
Speech by President Jean-Claude Juncker at the 12th EU-China Business Summit
Prime Minister Li,
Ministers,
Commissioner Malmström, dear Cecilia,
Distinguished guests,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
I would like to thank the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade and Business Europe for hosting us in these beautiful surroundings.
Prime Minister, I never made a secret of my affection and my admiration for your great nation and for the Chinese people. Over the many years and visits – first as the Prime Minister of Luxembourg, now as the current President of the European Commission – my fascination with your rich history and culture has only grown stronger.
Like all good friends, we may sometimes have our disagreements – and we have disagreements – but I believe that the frankness and honesty between us makes our relation stronger.
Our partnership today is more important than ever before.
The European Union is China's biggest trading partner. China is the EU's second largest. The trade in goods between us is worth over EUR 1.5 billion every single day.
Access to the European internal market is amongst the main elements having contributed to China's economic miracle, helping millions of people out of poverty.
Over 10 million Chinese people now visit Europe every year. And next year's EU-China Tourism Year will provide new opportunities for investment and more people from both sides to discover the beauty of each other's landscapes and ways of life. And I will make use of this Tourism Year to spend half of the year in China...
But our relationship is not an insular one. It is one that looks out to the world and makes it more stable. Whether it be fighting climate change – more important today than yesterday – cyber-attacks and international terrorism, or whether it be promoting sustainable development, trade and global economic growth, China and the European Union are aligned on the need for international solutions.
Nowhere is that more important than in leading the global clean energy transition and the implementation – the full implementation without nuances – of the Paris Climate Agreement.
Our joint leadership provides businesses, investors and researchers – in Europe, China and around the world – with the certainty they need to build a global low-carbon economy.
And it makes a statement to the world: there is no reverse gear to the energy transition. There is no backsliding on the Paris Agreement.
Our relationship is founded on a shared commitment to openness and working together as part of a rules-based international system. I am glad that we can meet here today and say this, loud and clear. It is one that recognises that together we can promote prosperity and sustainability at home and abroad. This is the vision that President Xi so eloquently described in Davos earlier this year.
I know that the Prime Minister is also fully signed up to that. The State Council Notice on Promoting Further Openness showed his commitment. And the Government Work Plan that explicitly stated China's ambition to be the most attractive destination for foreign investment backed that up.
Over the years we have come a long way. Back when I first visited China as a Prime Minister in 1996, your country was not even a member of the WTO. On that trip I remember talking a lot about working together, but in reality we were closed off to each other. China accounted for only 5% of world exports. Tourism – Chinese to Europe and European to China – was really unusual at that period of time. Our businesses exchanged less and our economies were not as interlinked as they are today.
Today, the EU is China's most important destination for outward investment. Chinese companies are attracted by the talent and innovation of our people, the stability of our investment environment and the strength of our economy.
And we are just as attracted to China's economy. In 2014, the European Union accounted for nearly 16% of total Foreign Direct Investment into China.
But there is scope for much more. China accounts for less than 5% of foreign investment in the EU. And last year, China's investors spent nearly five times as much on acquisitions in the European Union than European companies did in China.
While Chinese investment into the European Union increased by 77% in 2016, the flow in the other direction declined by almost a quarter. To put that into context, EU investment into China last year was roughly 3% of what we invested into the United States.
That reflects how difficult it can still be to do business in China. Roughly half of EU companies say that it actually got harder last year. One in two say they feel less welcome than when they entered the Chinese market. And more than half say that foreign companies are treated unfairly compared to their Chinese competitors. That feedback is reflected in the World Bank's rankings of the ease of doing business. China sits in 78th place out of 183 countries. A big economic powerhouse needs to be higher than mid-table.
The Government's Work Plan shows China wants to move up the table. It calls for significant improvements in the investment environment and says foreign firms will be treated equally.
The Comprehensive Agreement on Investment currently being negotiated will be a game changer. It will allow us to invest with confidence. It will help protect investments, ensure market access and level the playing field.
This is the third summit I have had the pleasure of taking part in and the third time I have stressed the need for this Agreement to be put into place. We now need to get it done so that we can truly have reciprocal investment relationship in our mutual interest.
We applaud the ambition of China's reform path. We recognise that reforms have been made and that plans have been established. But we would like to see implementation speed up – so that your policies are in line with your world vision.
The Prime Minister knows me well enough to know that I will always be frank and honest with him on all these matters.
And I will take the same approach when it comes to the rule of law and fundamental human rights. These are universal questions of fairness and values that we hold dear but they are also pre-requisites for a stable and attractive investment and business environment. And we believe that real competition and real openness can only work with a level playing field.
That is more important than ever as globalisation is increasingly called into question, with many around the world asking whether it really works for them.
The Commission set out its views in a Reflection Paper on Harnessing Globalisation. I explained this vision at last week's G7 and will do so again alongside China at next month's G20.
I understand that 45% of Europeans consider globalisation to be a threat rather than an opportunity. Here in the European Union we are focusing minds and efforts on making sure that no one is left behind and that we are all playing by the same rules.
That is why we must address growing excess capacity in certain sectors that is leading to the dumping of below-cost products. This is hurting EU producers, costing jobs and having a damaging impact on some of our manufacturing and industrial heartlands.
Chinese steel overcapacity is now more than double the EU's total capacity. Over the past decade, Chinese overcapacities have tripled for steel pipes and quadrupled for aluminium and silicon.
When we have to, we will be sure to uphold fairness when it comes to trade. And we are backing that up by strengthening our trade defence instruments to make them fit-for-purpose.
This is not about being protectionist or pointing fingers at others. Our actions are fully in line with our international obligations under the WTO and we will apply them in a fair, transparent and country-neutral way. Trade cannot simply be free. It must be fair.
But as always, the European Union believes in dialogue and cooperation and we will continue to work closely with our Chinese friends on addressing excess capacity and other concerns, notably on data and technology.
This dialogue is crucial at a time when the European Union and China now have a responsibility to fight for a fair and open global market place. Delivering on this dialogue is our deep, strategic interest. If we fail to make progress, the only winners will be the political forces that oppose the openness we seek.
And together, we can make the most of the opportunities that can bring. For example, China is now building corridors that are connecting us by land and sea, as well as online. We welcome the opportunities created by the "Belt and Road" initiative – it will bring people and businesses in Asia and Europe closer together. The new direct rail links between Beijing and European hubs are symbols of that. They will resurrect an old trade route and cover 12,000 kilometres, crossing Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus, Poland, Germany, Belgium, and France.
And we want to make sure that the "Belt and Road" complements existing projects, including those under the EU's long-established Trans-European Networks policy or the EU-China Connectivity Platform. Over time, improved connectivity will help manufacturers and businesses of all sizes to lower transport costs and open new markets.
But much more is needed: Asia alone faces a EUR 23 trillion infrastructure gap by 2030. Both the EU and China have a key interest in making the "Belt and Road" Initiative. Our message is that we can help you build it – but the rules must be the same for all. European companies must have a fair chance of being able to tender and compete on the same terms as Chinese counterparts. We must ensure, there too, a level playing field.
I am very much encouraged by China's statements on making the "Belt and Road" an open, transparent, inclusive initiative. Let us work on these projects together. Let our companies build them together.
Prime Minister, dear friends,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
That is just a glimpse of the potential that our partnership holds, not just for the European Union and for China – but also for the rest of the world.
Europe's future lies in our own hands – this is what leaders stated in their recent Rome Declaration. So we should shape our own future – and China will be a crucial partner in that. Together, we can increase the prosperity and well-being of our people. Our companies can thrive in open, fast-growing international markets. We can learn from each other and push each other on to innovate and compete. We can stand up for fairness across the world.
With China, the EU will fight for its global vision, in which we work together to tackle the challenges we share. We will defend the level playing field and make sure that the international system is anchored in rules and institutions that we all agree on. We will accompany the green transition together, in the interests of our children and our grandchildren.
And by doing so we can help to make the world a more stable place, at a time when it is full of uncertainty.
Prime Minister Li, dear friend,
Thank you and welcome once again.
